The oldest and best-known of all natural gums is Gum Arabic, known as Gum Acacia, Turkey Gum, Indian Gum and by many other descriptive and colourful local names.

The uses of Gum arabic date back about 5000 years to the time of the ancient Egyptians. Among its many applications, Gum Arabic was used as a binder in cosmetics and inks, and as an agent in the mummification process.

Egyptian fleets shipped Gum Arabic as an article of commerce. Ancient inscriptions frequently refer to "KAMI", a form of Gum Arabic used as a pigment binder and adhesive in painting. It was eventually introduced to Europe through various Arabican ports acquuiring the name "Gum Arabic" after its place of origin.

During the Middle Ages, Gum Arabic trade was carried on through ports controlled by the Turkish Empire, thus giving rise to the name "Turkey Gum".
An export trade was also developed for a time around Bombay - thus, "East Indian" or "Indian Gum".